The audience listens, reacts, and retells what he or she hears to another audience, thereby ensuring the transmission of the folk literary material to others. Moreover, as is true of folk literature of other people, folk literature in the Muslim cultural communities has a participatory audience. These oral literary forms may be didactic, hortatory, entertaining, instructive, or informative.įolk literature in Mindanao Muslim cultural communities as in other Filipino groups follow the oral tradition in that folktales, myths, legends, epics, poems, riddles and proverbs are handed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. But the style and form of expression may vary from one Muslim cultural community to another, what with the various languages that the people speak. In general, the folk literature of Muslim cultural communities in Mindanao, the Philippines, may be in prose or in verse. Regardless of cultural community, all Filipino Muslims belong to one Ummah Muslimah. Yet, all these communities are unified by their Islamic faith, which has already pervaded many aspects of their folk literature since Islam is a way of life. These distinctions distinguish one Muslim cultural community from another. The rest of the Muslim cultural communities such as the Jama Mapun, Palawanon, Molbog, Sama, Sangil, Tausug, and the Yakan reside in the island provinces, except for the Bangingis, who can be found both in mainland Mindanao, that is, in Zamboanga and in Tongkil, which is an island municipality of the province of Sulu.Įach Muslim cultural community has its own inventory of folk literature, which, in more ways than one, displays unique and peculiar traits, features, and qualities. The Iranon, Kaagan, Kalibugan, Maranao and Maguindanao live in mainland Mindanao. These are the: Jama Mapuns of Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi the Iranons of Cotabato the Kaagans of Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur and Davao Oriental the Kalibugans of Zamboanga the Maguindanaos of Maguindanao the Maranaos of Marawi the Palawanons and Molbogs of Palawan the Samas of Tawi-Tawi the Sangils of Sarangani the Tausugs of Sulu the Yakans of Basilan, and the Bangingis of Tongkil and Zamboanga. The Muslim cultural communities may be classified into thirteen (13) major ethno-linguistic groups.
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